{
  "meta": {
    "snapshotId": "us-fast-food-2026-09-08-v1",
    "countryCode": "US",
    "exportedAt": "2026-09-08T20:54:21.887638+00:00",
    "scope": "50-states-and-dc",
    "methodologyVersion": "official-domain-name-three-categories-state-scope-outlet-dedup-v1",
    "temporaryClosurePolicy": "Include temporarily closed restaurants, disclose the flag count; permanently closed and publicly suppressed listings are excluded. Counts do not mean open today.",
    "deduplication": "official outlet paths where unambiguous, then normalized address plus rounded coordinates; fallback address/state/city",
    "selection": "McDonald’s, Burger King, Taco Bell and Subway only; not an all-fast-food census",
    "pageId": "methodology",
    "title": "How we count US fast-food chain locations",
    "url": "https://www.spherescout.io/en/studies/united-states/fast-food/methodology/",
    "selectedBrandIds": [
      "mcdonalds",
      "burger-king",
      "taco-bell",
      "subway"
    ],
    "selectedTotal": 49733,
    "temporaryIncluded": 1928,
    "populationYear": 2025,
    "countScope": "Four selected chains across the 50 states and Washington, DC.",
    "formatColumns": "Formats partition their parent brand; do not add format counts to brand totals."
  },
  "brands": [
    {
      "id": "mcdonalds",
      "name": "McDonald’s",
      "total": 14102,
      "states": {
        "AK": 27,
        "AL": 253,
        "AR": 170,
        "AZ": 303,
        "CA": 1260,
        "CO": 218,
        "CT": 142,
        "DC": 25,
        "DE": 39,
        "FL": 925,
        "GA": 457,
        "HI": 73,
        "IA": 152,
        "ID": 68,
        "IL": 666,
        "IN": 367,
        "KS": 150,
        "KY": 267,
        "LA": 241,
        "MA": 237,
        "MD": 283,
        "ME": 61,
        "MI": 532,
        "MN": 222,
        "MO": 331,
        "MS": 141,
        "MT": 46,
        "NC": 492,
        "ND": 29,
        "NE": 80,
        "NH": 56,
        "NJ": 255,
        "NM": 105,
        "NV": 139,
        "NY": 603,
        "OH": 630,
        "OK": 208,
        "OR": 158,
        "PA": 485,
        "RI": 33,
        "SC": 239,
        "SD": 35,
        "TN": 349,
        "TX": 1305,
        "UT": 119,
        "VA": 403,
        "VT": 26,
        "WA": 265,
        "WI": 297,
        "WV": 105,
        "WY": 30
      },
      "temporaryIncluded": 43,
      "temporaryByState": {
        "FL": 3,
        "CA": 4,
        "CO": 1,
        "AZ": 0,
        "NC": 0,
        "AL": 0,
        "MN": 2,
        "MD": 0,
        "GA": 3,
        "PA": 0,
        "CT": 0,
        "TN": 0,
        "TX": 5,
        "IL": 5,
        "SC": 0,
        "IA": 0,
        "OH": 1,
        "MI": 1,
        "IN": 1,
        "NJ": 0,
        "RI": 0,
        "OK": 0,
        "UT": 1,
        "AR": 0,
        "NE": 0,
        "HI": 1,
        "MO": 1,
        "DC": 0,
        "VA": 3,
        "LA": 0,
        "DE": 0,
        "KY": 0,
        "NY": 3,
        "MA": 1,
        "WV": 0,
        "NV": 2,
        "NM": 0,
        "ID": 0,
        "ME": 0,
        "WI": 1,
        "KS": 0,
        "WA": 0,
        "NH": 0,
        "WY": 0,
        "SD": 2,
        "OR": 1,
        "MS": 0,
        "VT": 0,
        "AK": 1,
        "MT": 0,
        "ND": 0
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "mcdonalds-locator",
        "mcdonalds-annual"
      ],
      "audit": {
        "identityCandidates": 18417,
        "beforeDedup": 14122,
        "retained": 14102,
        "nameAndDomain": 13821,
        "withoutWebsite": 207,
        "validCoordinates": 14102,
        "withState": 14102,
        "withCounty": 14102,
        "withCity": 14102,
        "temporaryIncluded": 43,
        "activityUnconfirmedExcluded": 3229,
        "closedOrSuppressed": 384,
        "outsideScope": 232,
        "ancillaryExcluded": 110,
        "nameOnly": 271,
        "nonVenueOrDepartmentExcluded": 340,
        "unknownCategoryOfficialDomain": 2,
        "domainOnly": 10,
        "duplicatesRemoved": 20
      },
      "lastSeenMonths": {
        "2026-09": 1121,
        "2026-08": 12062,
        "2026-07": 132,
        "2026-06": 311,
        "2026-05": 95,
        "2026-04": 381
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "burger-king",
      "name": "Burger King",
      "total": 6725,
      "states": {
        "AK": 7,
        "AL": 144,
        "AR": 76,
        "AZ": 171,
        "CA": 488,
        "CO": 101,
        "CT": 65,
        "DC": 1,
        "DE": 20,
        "FL": 501,
        "GA": 269,
        "HI": 22,
        "IA": 65,
        "ID": 37,
        "IL": 272,
        "IN": 190,
        "KS": 62,
        "KY": 106,
        "LA": 144,
        "MA": 115,
        "MD": 117,
        "ME": 27,
        "MI": 250,
        "MN": 99,
        "MO": 105,
        "MS": 85,
        "MT": 17,
        "NC": 237,
        "ND": 17,
        "NE": 49,
        "NH": 28,
        "NJ": 163,
        "NM": 54,
        "NV": 67,
        "NY": 356,
        "OH": 291,
        "OK": 62,
        "OR": 82,
        "PA": 287,
        "RI": 25,
        "SC": 135,
        "SD": 24,
        "TN": 180,
        "TX": 576,
        "UT": 60,
        "VA": 172,
        "VT": 7,
        "WA": 113,
        "WI": 109,
        "WV": 62,
        "WY": 13
      },
      "temporaryIncluded": 30,
      "temporaryByState": {
        "OK": 0,
        "IL": 0,
        "FL": 3,
        "OH": 2,
        "KS": 0,
        "GA": 2,
        "CO": 0,
        "TX": 1,
        "MI": 2,
        "PA": 0,
        "NV": 0,
        "TN": 1,
        "NJ": 0,
        "NC": 0,
        "AZ": 1,
        "NY": 7,
        "MS": 1,
        "MT": 0,
        "KY": 0,
        "CA": 3,
        "WV": 1,
        "OR": 0,
        "WA": 0,
        "UT": 0,
        "IN": 3,
        "WI": 1,
        "AL": 0,
        "MD": 1,
        "VA": 0,
        "IA": 0,
        "AR": 0,
        "LA": 0,
        "ID": 0,
        "NE": 0,
        "MO": 0,
        "SC": 0,
        "ME": 0,
        "MA": 0,
        "RI": 0,
        "DE": 0,
        "MN": 0,
        "CT": 1,
        "SD": 0,
        "ND": 0,
        "NM": 0,
        "AK": 0,
        "NH": 0,
        "HI": 0,
        "VT": 0,
        "WY": 0,
        "DC": 0
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "burger-king-locator"
      ],
      "audit": {
        "identityCandidates": 7558,
        "beforeDedup": 6736,
        "retained": 6725,
        "nameAndDomain": 6632,
        "withoutWebsite": 88,
        "validCoordinates": 6725,
        "withState": 6725,
        "withCounty": 6725,
        "withCity": 6725,
        "temporaryIncluded": 30,
        "activityUnconfirmedExcluded": 66,
        "closedOrSuppressed": 673,
        "domainOnly": 2,
        "nameOnly": 91,
        "ancillaryExcluded": 6,
        "nonVenueOrDepartmentExcluded": 77,
        "duplicatesRemoved": 11
      },
      "lastSeenMonths": {
        "2026-09": 542,
        "2026-08": 5779,
        "2026-07": 68,
        "2026-06": 124,
        "2026-05": 57,
        "2026-04": 155
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "taco-bell",
      "name": "Taco Bell",
      "total": 8334,
      "states": {
        "AK": 14,
        "AL": 173,
        "AR": 128,
        "AZ": 203,
        "CA": 891,
        "CO": 171,
        "CT": 55,
        "DC": 6,
        "DE": 20,
        "FL": 489,
        "GA": 281,
        "HI": 30,
        "IA": 57,
        "ID": 37,
        "IL": 306,
        "IN": 276,
        "KS": 99,
        "KY": 175,
        "LA": 138,
        "MA": 87,
        "MD": 108,
        "ME": 22,
        "MI": 365,
        "MN": 103,
        "MO": 243,
        "MS": 90,
        "MT": 27,
        "NC": 279,
        "ND": 13,
        "NE": 46,
        "NH": 20,
        "NJ": 129,
        "NM": 63,
        "NV": 86,
        "NY": 285,
        "OH": 432,
        "OK": 137,
        "OR": 128,
        "PA": 224,
        "RI": 17,
        "SC": 131,
        "SD": 18,
        "TN": 271,
        "TX": 749,
        "UT": 75,
        "VA": 233,
        "VT": 5,
        "WA": 157,
        "WI": 152,
        "WV": 76,
        "WY": 14
      },
      "temporaryIncluded": 42,
      "temporaryByState": {
        "VA": 3,
        "WA": 2,
        "NC": 5,
        "IN": 0,
        "MI": 3,
        "CO": 1,
        "TN": 2,
        "CA": 4,
        "OH": 1,
        "NY": 1,
        "TX": 1,
        "FL": 2,
        "IL": 0,
        "KS": 0,
        "HI": 0,
        "MN": 0,
        "NV": 0,
        "OR": 0,
        "PA": 1,
        "MD": 6,
        "AL": 2,
        "AZ": 1,
        "NJ": 1,
        "KY": 2,
        "ME": 0,
        "GA": 0,
        "AR": 0,
        "OK": 0,
        "MO": 0,
        "NH": 0,
        "LA": 0,
        "ID": 0,
        "MS": 1,
        "CT": 0,
        "WI": 1,
        "UT": 0,
        "SC": 1,
        "WV": 0,
        "SD": 0,
        "IA": 0,
        "MA": 0,
        "WY": 0,
        "MT": 0,
        "NM": 1,
        "NE": 0,
        "DE": 0,
        "RI": 0,
        "AK": 0,
        "ND": 0,
        "DC": 0,
        "VT": 0
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "taco-bell-locator"
      ],
      "audit": {
        "identityCandidates": 8683,
        "beforeDedup": 8368,
        "retained": 8334,
        "nameAndDomain": 8237,
        "withoutWebsite": 67,
        "validCoordinates": 8334,
        "withState": 8334,
        "withCounty": 8334,
        "withCity": 8334,
        "temporaryIncluded": 42,
        "nonVenueOrDepartmentExcluded": 50,
        "closedOrSuppressed": 218,
        "nameOnly": 93,
        "domainOnly": 4,
        "activityUnconfirmedExcluded": 43,
        "duplicatesRemoved": 34,
        "officialUrlDuplicates": 31,
        "ancillaryExcluded": 4
      },
      "lastSeenMonths": {
        "2026-09": 670,
        "2026-08": 7214,
        "2026-07": 77,
        "2026-06": 168,
        "2026-05": 68,
        "2026-04": 137
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "subway",
      "name": "Subway",
      "total": 20572,
      "states": {
        "AK": 55,
        "AL": 406,
        "AR": 256,
        "AZ": 392,
        "CA": 1986,
        "CO": 329,
        "CT": 261,
        "DC": 58,
        "DE": 23,
        "FL": 1167,
        "GA": 711,
        "HI": 93,
        "IA": 262,
        "ID": 119,
        "IL": 913,
        "IN": 560,
        "KS": 218,
        "KY": 366,
        "LA": 416,
        "MA": 284,
        "MD": 386,
        "ME": 101,
        "MI": 741,
        "MN": 389,
        "MO": 452,
        "MS": 288,
        "MT": 73,
        "NC": 666,
        "ND": 68,
        "NE": 170,
        "NH": 75,
        "NJ": 170,
        "NM": 151,
        "NV": 177,
        "NY": 779,
        "OH": 948,
        "OK": 298,
        "OR": 245,
        "PA": 619,
        "RI": 59,
        "SC": 345,
        "SD": 85,
        "TN": 561,
        "TX": 1873,
        "UT": 186,
        "VA": 573,
        "VT": 37,
        "WA": 484,
        "WI": 474,
        "WV": 165,
        "WY": 59
      },
      "temporaryIncluded": 1813,
      "temporaryByState": {
        "PA": 68,
        "SC": 23,
        "TX": 104,
        "AL": 20,
        "HI": 8,
        "NC": 69,
        "NE": 12,
        "CA": 204,
        "MI": 57,
        "FL": 149,
        "WI": 45,
        "RI": 10,
        "UT": 13,
        "TN": 29,
        "IN": 25,
        "NY": 97,
        "OH": 80,
        "VA": 30,
        "LA": 41,
        "MA": 40,
        "IL": 97,
        "MD": 27,
        "KS": 16,
        "NJ": 24,
        "KY": 13,
        "MS": 18,
        "OR": 37,
        "MN": 35,
        "IA": 15,
        "OK": 18,
        "NM": 13,
        "ID": 8,
        "CO": 52,
        "GA": 60,
        "WA": 51,
        "MO": 40,
        "ND": 3,
        "WV": 10,
        "DC": 10,
        "AZ": 36,
        "SD": 5,
        "MT": 8,
        "NH": 10,
        "CT": 39,
        "VT": 6,
        "ME": 9,
        "AR": 9,
        "WY": 3,
        "NV": 14,
        "AK": 2,
        "DE": 1
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "subway-locator"
      ],
      "audit": {
        "identityCandidates": 24123,
        "beforeDedup": 20631,
        "retained": 20572,
        "nameAndDomain": 20368,
        "withoutWebsite": 108,
        "validCoordinates": 20572,
        "withState": 20572,
        "withCounty": 20572,
        "withCity": 20572,
        "temporaryIncluded": 1813,
        "closedOrSuppressed": 2740,
        "ambiguousNameExcluded": 693,
        "nonVenueOrDepartmentExcluded": 5,
        "nameOnly": 124,
        "ancillaryExcluded": 31,
        "domainOnly": 80,
        "activityUnconfirmedExcluded": 18,
        "duplicatesRemoved": 59,
        "officialUrlDuplicates": 58,
        "outsideScope": 5
      },
      "lastSeenMonths": {
        "2026-09": 1468,
        "2026-08": 16223,
        "2026-07": 347,
        "2026-06": 407,
        "2026-05": 331,
        "2026-04": 1796
      }
    }
  ],
  "states": [
    {
      "code": "AL",
      "name": "Alabama",
      "fips": "01",
      "population": 5193088,
      "counts": [
        253,
        144,
        173,
        406
      ],
      "total": 976,
      "locationsPer100000": 18.79421261492199
    },
    {
      "code": "AK",
      "name": "Alaska",
      "fips": "02",
      "population": 737270,
      "counts": [
        27,
        7,
        14,
        55
      ],
      "total": 103,
      "locationsPer100000": 13.970458583693897
    },
    {
      "code": "AZ",
      "name": "Arizona",
      "fips": "04",
      "population": 7623818,
      "counts": [
        303,
        171,
        203,
        392
      ],
      "total": 1069,
      "locationsPer100000": 14.021845747104667
    },
    {
      "code": "AR",
      "name": "Arkansas",
      "fips": "05",
      "population": 3114791,
      "counts": [
        170,
        76,
        128,
        256
      ],
      "total": 630,
      "locationsPer100000": 20.226076163697662
    },
    {
      "code": "CA",
      "name": "California",
      "fips": "06",
      "population": 39355309,
      "counts": [
        1260,
        488,
        891,
        1986
      ],
      "total": 4625,
      "locationsPer100000": 11.751908745018365
    },
    {
      "code": "CO",
      "name": "Colorado",
      "fips": "08",
      "population": 6012561,
      "counts": [
        218,
        101,
        171,
        329
      ],
      "total": 819,
      "locationsPer100000": 13.621483424450911
    },
    {
      "code": "CT",
      "name": "Connecticut",
      "fips": "09",
      "population": 3688496,
      "counts": [
        142,
        65,
        55,
        261
      ],
      "total": 523,
      "locationsPer100000": 14.179221015828674
    },
    {
      "code": "DE",
      "name": "Delaware",
      "fips": "10",
      "population": 1059952,
      "counts": [
        39,
        20,
        20,
        23
      ],
      "total": 102,
      "locationsPer100000": 9.623077271423613
    },
    {
      "code": "DC",
      "name": "District of Columbia",
      "fips": "11",
      "population": 693645,
      "counts": [
        25,
        1,
        6,
        58
      ],
      "total": 90,
      "locationsPer100000": 12.974936747183358
    },
    {
      "code": "FL",
      "name": "Florida",
      "fips": "12",
      "population": 23462518,
      "counts": [
        925,
        501,
        489,
        1167
      ],
      "total": 3082,
      "locationsPer100000": 13.135845010326685
    },
    {
      "code": "GA",
      "name": "Georgia",
      "fips": "13",
      "population": 11302748,
      "counts": [
        457,
        269,
        281,
        711
      ],
      "total": 1718,
      "locationsPer100000": 15.199843436304164
    },
    {
      "code": "HI",
      "name": "Hawaii",
      "fips": "15",
      "population": 1432820,
      "counts": [
        73,
        22,
        30,
        93
      ],
      "total": 218,
      "locationsPer100000": 15.21475132954593
    },
    {
      "code": "ID",
      "name": "Idaho",
      "fips": "16",
      "population": 2029733,
      "counts": [
        68,
        37,
        37,
        119
      ],
      "total": 261,
      "locationsPer100000": 12.858834142224618
    },
    {
      "code": "IL",
      "name": "Illinois",
      "fips": "17",
      "population": 12719141,
      "counts": [
        666,
        272,
        306,
        913
      ],
      "total": 2157,
      "locationsPer100000": 16.958692414841536
    },
    {
      "code": "IN",
      "name": "Indiana",
      "fips": "18",
      "population": 6973333,
      "counts": [
        367,
        190,
        276,
        560
      ],
      "total": 1393,
      "locationsPer100000": 19.976100381266747
    },
    {
      "code": "IA",
      "name": "Iowa",
      "fips": "19",
      "population": 3238387,
      "counts": [
        152,
        65,
        57,
        262
      ],
      "total": 536,
      "locationsPer100000": 16.551449842159073
    },
    {
      "code": "KS",
      "name": "Kansas",
      "fips": "20",
      "population": 2977220,
      "counts": [
        150,
        62,
        99,
        218
      ],
      "total": 529,
      "locationsPer100000": 17.76825360571271
    },
    {
      "code": "KY",
      "name": "Kentucky",
      "fips": "21",
      "population": 4606864,
      "counts": [
        267,
        106,
        175,
        366
      ],
      "total": 914,
      "locationsPer100000": 19.83996054582901
    },
    {
      "code": "LA",
      "name": "Louisiana",
      "fips": "22",
      "population": 4618189,
      "counts": [
        241,
        144,
        138,
        416
      ],
      "total": 939,
      "locationsPer100000": 20.33264554568901
    },
    {
      "code": "ME",
      "name": "Maine",
      "fips": "23",
      "population": 1414874,
      "counts": [
        61,
        27,
        22,
        101
      ],
      "total": 211,
      "locationsPer100000": 14.912988718430052
    },
    {
      "code": "MD",
      "name": "Maryland",
      "fips": "24",
      "population": 6265347,
      "counts": [
        283,
        117,
        108,
        386
      ],
      "total": 894,
      "locationsPer100000": 14.268962277747745
    },
    {
      "code": "MA",
      "name": "Massachusetts",
      "fips": "25",
      "population": 7154084,
      "counts": [
        237,
        115,
        87,
        284
      ],
      "total": 723,
      "locationsPer100000": 10.106115611726112
    },
    {
      "code": "MI",
      "name": "Michigan",
      "fips": "26",
      "population": 10127884,
      "counts": [
        532,
        250,
        365,
        741
      ],
      "total": 1888,
      "locationsPer100000": 18.64160371505045
    },
    {
      "code": "MN",
      "name": "Minnesota",
      "fips": "27",
      "population": 5830405,
      "counts": [
        222,
        99,
        103,
        389
      ],
      "total": 813,
      "locationsPer100000": 13.944142816836909
    },
    {
      "code": "MS",
      "name": "Mississippi",
      "fips": "28",
      "population": 2954160,
      "counts": [
        141,
        85,
        90,
        288
      ],
      "total": 604,
      "locationsPer100000": 20.445744306334117
    },
    {
      "code": "MO",
      "name": "Missouri",
      "fips": "29",
      "population": 6270541,
      "counts": [
        331,
        105,
        243,
        452
      ],
      "total": 1131,
      "locationsPer100000": 18.03672123346295
    },
    {
      "code": "MT",
      "name": "Montana",
      "fips": "30",
      "population": 1144694,
      "counts": [
        46,
        17,
        27,
        73
      ],
      "total": 163,
      "locationsPer100000": 14.239613381392756
    },
    {
      "code": "NE",
      "name": "Nebraska",
      "fips": "31",
      "population": 2018006,
      "counts": [
        80,
        49,
        46,
        170
      ],
      "total": 345,
      "locationsPer100000": 17.096083956142845
    },
    {
      "code": "NV",
      "name": "Nevada",
      "fips": "32",
      "population": 3282188,
      "counts": [
        139,
        67,
        86,
        177
      ],
      "total": 469,
      "locationsPer100000": 14.289248513491609
    },
    {
      "code": "NH",
      "name": "New Hampshire",
      "fips": "33",
      "population": 1415342,
      "counts": [
        56,
        28,
        20,
        75
      ],
      "total": 179,
      "locationsPer100000": 12.64711991871929
    },
    {
      "code": "NJ",
      "name": "New Jersey",
      "fips": "34",
      "population": 9548215,
      "counts": [
        255,
        163,
        129,
        170
      ],
      "total": 717,
      "locationsPer100000": 7.509256965830787
    },
    {
      "code": "NM",
      "name": "New Mexico",
      "fips": "35",
      "population": 2125498,
      "counts": [
        105,
        54,
        63,
        151
      ],
      "total": 373,
      "locationsPer100000": 17.54882855688408
    },
    {
      "code": "NY",
      "name": "New York",
      "fips": "36",
      "population": 20002427,
      "counts": [
        603,
        356,
        285,
        779
      ],
      "total": 2023,
      "locationsPer100000": 10.113772693683622
    },
    {
      "code": "NC",
      "name": "North Carolina",
      "fips": "37",
      "population": 11197968,
      "counts": [
        492,
        237,
        279,
        666
      ],
      "total": 1674,
      "locationsPer100000": 14.949140772683043
    },
    {
      "code": "ND",
      "name": "North Dakota",
      "fips": "38",
      "population": 799358,
      "counts": [
        29,
        17,
        13,
        68
      ],
      "total": 127,
      "locationsPer100000": 15.887749919310247
    },
    {
      "code": "OH",
      "name": "Ohio",
      "fips": "39",
      "population": 11900510,
      "counts": [
        630,
        291,
        432,
        948
      ],
      "total": 2301,
      "locationsPer100000": 19.335305797818748
    },
    {
      "code": "OK",
      "name": "Oklahoma",
      "fips": "40",
      "population": 4123288,
      "counts": [
        208,
        62,
        137,
        298
      ],
      "total": 705,
      "locationsPer100000": 17.09800528122217
    },
    {
      "code": "OR",
      "name": "Oregon",
      "fips": "41",
      "population": 4273586,
      "counts": [
        158,
        82,
        128,
        245
      ],
      "total": 613,
      "locationsPer100000": 14.343925686765166
    },
    {
      "code": "PA",
      "name": "Pennsylvania",
      "fips": "42",
      "population": 13059432,
      "counts": [
        485,
        287,
        224,
        619
      ],
      "total": 1615,
      "locationsPer100000": 12.366540903157198
    },
    {
      "code": "RI",
      "name": "Rhode Island",
      "fips": "44",
      "population": 1114521,
      "counts": [
        33,
        25,
        17,
        59
      ],
      "total": 134,
      "locationsPer100000": 12.023102301347395
    },
    {
      "code": "SC",
      "name": "South Carolina",
      "fips": "45",
      "population": 5570274,
      "counts": [
        239,
        135,
        131,
        345
      ],
      "total": 850,
      "locationsPer100000": 15.259572509359502
    },
    {
      "code": "SD",
      "name": "South Dakota",
      "fips": "46",
      "population": 935094,
      "counts": [
        35,
        24,
        18,
        85
      ],
      "total": 162,
      "locationsPer100000": 17.324461497988437
    },
    {
      "code": "TN",
      "name": "Tennessee",
      "fips": "47",
      "population": 7315076,
      "counts": [
        349,
        180,
        271,
        561
      ],
      "total": 1361,
      "locationsPer100000": 18.60541161841654
    },
    {
      "code": "TX",
      "name": "Texas",
      "fips": "48",
      "population": 31709821,
      "counts": [
        1305,
        576,
        749,
        1873
      ],
      "total": 4503,
      "locationsPer100000": 14.200647805612022
    },
    {
      "code": "UT",
      "name": "Utah",
      "fips": "49",
      "population": 3538904,
      "counts": [
        119,
        60,
        75,
        186
      ],
      "total": 440,
      "locationsPer100000": 12.433227914631196
    },
    {
      "code": "VT",
      "name": "Vermont",
      "fips": "50",
      "population": 644663,
      "counts": [
        26,
        7,
        5,
        37
      ],
      "total": 75,
      "locationsPer100000": 11.63398550870765
    },
    {
      "code": "VA",
      "name": "Virginia",
      "fips": "51",
      "population": 8880107,
      "counts": [
        403,
        172,
        233,
        573
      ],
      "total": 1381,
      "locationsPer100000": 15.55161441185337
    },
    {
      "code": "WA",
      "name": "Washington",
      "fips": "53",
      "population": 8001020,
      "counts": [
        265,
        113,
        157,
        484
      ],
      "total": 1019,
      "locationsPer100000": 12.735876175787588
    },
    {
      "code": "WV",
      "name": "West Virginia",
      "fips": "54",
      "population": 1766147,
      "counts": [
        105,
        62,
        76,
        165
      ],
      "total": 408,
      "locationsPer100000": 23.101134843249174
    },
    {
      "code": "WI",
      "name": "Wisconsin",
      "fips": "55",
      "population": 5972787,
      "counts": [
        297,
        109,
        152,
        474
      ],
      "total": 1032,
      "locationsPer100000": 17.278366029125095
    },
    {
      "code": "WY",
      "name": "Wyoming",
      "fips": "56",
      "population": 588753,
      "counts": [
        30,
        13,
        14,
        59
      ],
      "total": 116,
      "locationsPer100000": 19.70265968920753
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "mcdonalds-locator",
      "label": "McDonald’s US restaurant locator",
      "url": "https://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en-us/restaurant-locator.html",
      "date": "2026-09-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "mcdonalds-annual",
      "label": "McDonald’s 2025 annual report: year-end US restaurant count",
      "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/63908/000006390826000035/mcd-20251231.htm",
      "date": "2026-09-08",
      "referenceDate": "2025-12-31",
      "count": 13706
    },
    {
      "id": "burger-king-locator",
      "label": "Burger King US restaurant locator",
      "url": "https://www.bk.com/store-locator",
      "date": "2026-09-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "taco-bell-locator",
      "label": "Taco Bell US restaurant directory",
      "url": "https://locations.tacobell.com/",
      "date": "2026-09-08",
      "count": 8269
    },
    {
      "id": "subway-locator",
      "label": "Subway US restaurant directory",
      "url": "https://restaurants.subway.com/united-states",
      "date": "2026-09-08"
    }
  ],
  "geography": {
    "populationYear": 2025,
    "boundaryYear": 2025,
    "scope": "50-states-and-dc",
    "projection": "CONUS Albers EPSG5070; Alaska EPSG3338 and Hawaii EPSG26904 rescaled insets",
    "insets": "Alaska and Hawaii inset, not to common scale; outlying Hawaiian islands omitted visually",
    "sources": {
      "boundaries": {
        "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/GENZ2025/shp/cb_2025_us_state_20m.zip",
        "sha256": "9340b6d995e971b2b4230518f4fa85e6cd9e7fe6811afabc90a6a8b1191530f6"
      },
      "population": {
        "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/state/totals/NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv",
        "sha256": "92188e29cb0a67dcf95afa7d6c47359409782f086478b70ea4128eb70e223ca9"
      }
    }
  },
  "quality": {
    "unlocated": 0,
    "duplicatesRemoved": 124,
    "excludedOutsideStateScope": 237,
    "outsideScopeExplanation": "Candidate exclusions include missing state, territories, and other non-US state codes; no out-of-scope records are included in the geographic totals."
  }
}
